Trivia: Gene Autry, the archetype of the guitar strumming, singing Hollywood cowboy, is one of American cinema's most beloved figures. Born Orvon Autry, his entry to showbiz has a story book quality. During the 1920s he was working as a telegraph operator when American folk hero Will Rogers overheard him singing and convinced him to give show business a try. By 1928 he was singing regularly on a small radio station. Three years later, he was starring in his own national radio show (The National Barn Dance) and making records for Columbia. He first made his mark in films starring roles in the 13-part Republic serial Phantom Empire (1935) and the movie Tumblin' Tumbleweeds (1935). Then he went on to make dozens of Westerns, usually with his famed horse Champion and his comic sidekick Smiley Burnette. He was the top Western star at the box office from 1937-42, and is the only Western actor ever to make the list of Hollywood's top ten attractions, an achievement attained in 1940, '41, and '42. His career was interrupted by service in World War II (he served as a flight officer), during which his place was supplanted at Republic by singing cowboy Roy Rogers. Between 1947 and 1954, now working for Columbia Pictures, Autry trailed behind Rogers as the second most popular western star. His films focus exclusively on action, with little romantic interest. Autry's special twist, though, was to pause from time to time for an easy-going song, creating a new genre of action films that is considered by film historians to constitute a revolution in B-movies (one that went on to have many imitators). As a recording artist, he had nine million-sellers; and as a songwriter, he penned 200 popular songs including the holiday classic "Here Comes Santa Claus." After 20 years as a singing cowboy, Autry retired from movies in 1954 to further his career as a highly successful businessman (among many other investments, he eventually bought the California Angels, a major league baseball team). However, he continued performing on television until the '60s. In 1978 he published his autobiography Back in the Saddle Again, titled after his signature song.

Trivia: Smiley Burnette, said his longtime partner and boss Gene Autry, "couldn't read a note of music but wrote 350 songs and I never saw him take longer than an hour to compose one." Arguably the most beloved of all the B-Western sidekicks and certainly one of the more prolific and enduring, Burnette had been a disc jockey at a small radio station in Tuscola, IL, when discovered by Autry. The crooner prominently featured him both on tour and on Chicago's National Barn Dance broadcasts, making certain that Burnette was included in the contract he signed in 1934 with Mascot Pictures. As Autry became a major name in Hollywood, almost single-handedly establishing the long-lasting Singing Cowboy vogue, Burnette was right there next to him, first with Mascot and then, through a merger, with the newly formed Republic Pictures, where he remained through June 1944. The culmination of Burnette's popularity came in 1940, when he ranked second only to Autry in a Boxoffice Magazine popularity poll of Western stars, the lone sidekick among the Top Ten. Perhaps not everyone's cup of tea -- his style of cute novelty songs and tubby slapstick humor could, on occasion, become quite grating -- Burnette nevertheless put his very own spin on B-Westerns and became much imitated. In fact, by the 1940s, there were two major trends of sidekick comedy in B-Westerns: Burnette's style of slapstick prairie buffoonery, also practiced by the likes of Dub Taylor and Al St. John, and the more character-defined comedy of George "Gabby" Hayes, Andy Clyde, et al. Burnette, who would add such classic Western tunes as "Song of the Range" and "Call of the Canyon" to the Autry catalog, refined his naïve, but self-important, Frog Millhouse character through the years at Republic Pictures -- called "Frog," incidentally, from the way his vocals suddenly dropped into the lowest range possible. But the moniker belonged to the studio and he was plain Smiley Burnette thereafter. When Autry entered the service in 1942, Burnette supported Sunset Carson, Eddie Dew, and Robert Livingston before switching to Columbia Pictures' Durango Kid series starring Charles Starrett. But despite appearing in a total of 56 Durango Westerns, Burnette was never able to achieve the kind of chemistry he had enjoyed with Autry and it was only fitting that they should be reunited for the final six Western features Gene would make. Although his contribution to Autry's phenomenal success was sometimes questioned (minor cowboy star Jimmy Wakely opined that Autry had enough star power to have made it with any comic sidekick), Smiley Burnette remained extremely popular with young fans throughout his career, and although not universally beloved within the industry, he has gone down in history as the first truly popular B-Western comedy sidekick. Indeed, without his early success, there may never have been the demand for permanent sidekicks. When B-Westerns went out of style, Burnette spent most of his time in his backyard recording studio, returning for an appearance on television's Ranch Party (1958) and the recurring role of train engineer Charley Pratt on Petticoat Junction (1963-1967). He died of leukemia in 1967 at the age of 55.

Trivia: Stock-company actress Maria Elliot was transformed into Judith Allen when signed to a Paramount contract in 1933. Her brief Paramount stay was rather unexceptional, except for her leading-lady assignment in DeMille's This Day and Age (1933) and her gently satirical portrayal of the daughter of two-bit impresario W. C. Fields in The Old Fashioned Way (1934). Her bid for stardom forgotten by the mid-1930s, Judith nonetheless remained in films into the 1950s. Judith Allen's leading-lady duties opposite Gene Autry in such late-1930s westerns as Boots and Saddles assured her work in low-budget sagebrushers until the day she retired.

Trivia: A former University of Alabama football star, handsome Weldon Heyburn was better known for his busy private life than for any of the juvenile leads he played while under contract with Fox in the early '30s. He married Norwegian bombshell Greta Nissen, his leading lady in the courtroom drama The Silent Witness (1932) and they later co-starred in Hired Wife (1934) for low-budget company Pinnacle. By then, the marriage was all but over and Heyburn, who had gained quite a bit of weight, spent his remaining years onscreen playing villains in B-Westerns.

Trivia: The son of actors, William Farnum was 12 years old when he joined his parents and his brother Dustin and Marshal in the family business. Dustin (1874-1929) made it to motion-picture stardom first, as leading man of Cecil B. DeMille's first feature, 1914's The Squaw Man. That same year, William made his movie debut in another popular western, The Spoilers (1914). The climactic fight scene between Farnum and co-star Tom Santschi made stars out of both men, though only Farnum graduated to matinee-idol status. Signing with Fox films in 1915, Farnum became one of that studio's most popular leading men, thanks to such solid vehicles as Tale of Two Cities (1917), Les Miserables (1917) and If I Were King (1920). At his peak, Farnum was pulling down $10,000 dollars per week. He briefly returned to Broadway in 1925 to star in The Buccaneer. Later in 1925, Farnum suffered a serious injury on the set of The Man Who Fights Alone; as a result, he was confined to supporting roles for the rest of career. While many of these roles were sizeable (notably King Arthur in the 1931 Will Rogers version of A Connecticut Yankee), Farnum would never again recapture the glory of his silent stardom. William Farnum remained a busy character actor up until his death in 1952, often playing minor roles in remakes of his silent triumphs--including the 1942 remake of The Spoilers.

Trivia: Chinese character actor Willie Fung spent his entire Hollywood career imprisoned by the Hollywood Stereotype Syndrome. During the silent era, Fung was the personification of the "Yellow Peril," never more fearsome than when he was threatening Dolores Costello's virtue in Old San Francisco (1927). In talkies, Fung was a buck-toothed, pigtailed, pidgin-English-spouting comedy relief, usually cast as a cook or laundryman.

Trivia: There was always something slightly sinister about American actor Carleton G. Young that prevented him from traditional leading man roles. Young always seemed to be hiding something, to be looking over his shoulder, or to be poised to head for the border; as such, he was perfectly cast in such roles as the youthful dope peddler in the 1936 camp classic Reefer Madness. Even when playing a relatively sympathetic role, Young appeared capable of going off the deep end at any minute, vide his performance in the 1937 serial Dick Tracy as Tracy's brainwashed younger brother. During the 1940s and 1950s, Young was quite active in radio, where he was allowed to play such heroic leading roles as Ellery Queen and the Count of Monte Cristo without his furtive facial expressions working against him. As he matured into a greying character actor, Young became a special favorite of director John Ford, appearing in several of Ford's films of the 1950s and 1960s. In 1962's The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, it is Young, in the small role of a reporter, who utters the unforgettable valediction "This is the west, sir. When the legend becomes fact...print the legend." Carleton G. Young was the father of actor Tony Young, who starred in the short-lived 1961 TV Western Gunslinger.

Trivia: A tall, dark-haired supporting actor of the early silent screen, G. Raymond Nye had spent five years with various road companies and appeared in vaudeville prior to entering films with American in Santa Barbara, CA, in 1914. He later played villains at Fox and Universal and was the featured villain in scores of low-budget melodramas of the 1920s. Nye, who appeared in films as late as the 1950s, became an extra after the changeover to sound.

Trivia: From In Old Santa Fe (1934) and all through the television years, songwriter/steel guitarist Frankie Marvin (born Frank James Marvin) was a highly visible member of Gene Autry's onscreen coterie. Marvin, who had earlier performed with Autry on radio, would occasionally play a minor role as well, often as Gene's foreman, a ranch hand, or a cowboy. He would even join the bad guys in non-Autry vehicles such as the 1941 serial Adventures of Red Ryder, in which he attempted to poison the Circle R's water supply. In all, Marvin appeared in more than 80 feature Westerns and at least six serials.

Trivia: American stage actor George Morrell turned to films in 1921, on the verge of his 49th birthday. Morrell launched his talkie career in 1929 as Reverend McBride in The Virginian, then went on to play innumerable bit parts in both A- and B-Westerns. He showed up in several Gene Autry films, usually playing a surly barfly. George Morrell remained active until in 1947.

Trivia: A veteran of Selig two-reelers in the early 1910s, burly American character actor Horace B. Carpenter came to the forefront after joining the Lasky Feature Play Company (later Paramount) in 1914. For pioneering director Cecil B. DeMille, Carpenter played Spanish Ed in The Virginian (1914) and Jacques D'Arc in Joan the Woman (1916), both still extant, before striking out on his own, directing and acting in some of the cheapest Westerns and action melodramas ever produced. Returning to acting exclusively after the changeover to sound, Carpenter continued to play his stock-in-trade, kindly fathers and ranchers in scores of B-Westerns. Thus, it came as an unpleasant surprise when the veteran actor, out of sheer poverty one imagines, accepted to play Dr. Meinschultz, devouring a cat's eye in the 1934 exploitation thriller Maniac. Carpenter survived this indiscretion with his career somewhat intact and continued to play scores of supporting roles and bit parts right up to his death of a heart attack.

Trivia: American character actor Earl Dwire was most closely associated with the B-Western movie mills of the 1930s. Dwire frequently played the antagonist in the low-budget vehicles of such cowboy stars as Bob Steele and Johnny Mack Brown. In the early '30s, he was virtually a regular in the John Wayne Westerns produced by the Lone Star outfit. He also occasionally accepted such contemporary minor roles as a priest in Angels With Dirty Faces (1938) and a gangster in Accidents Will Happen (1939). Earl Dwire's last known film credit was the Universal serial Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe (1940).

Trivia: A dignified-looking young character actor, Lynton Brent began his career on the stage, appearing in plays such as The Student Prince, Paid in Full, and as Laertes in Hamlet before entering films in 1930. Handsome enough in an average kind of way, Brent played such supporting roles as reporters (King Kong [1933]), radio operators (Streamline Express [1935]), and again Laertes, in the play-within-the-film I'll Love You Always ([1935], Garbo's interpreter Sven Hugo Borg was Hamlet!). Today, however, Brent is mainly remembered for his many roles in Columbia short subjects opposite the Three Stooges. His dignity always in shambles by the denouement, Brent was a welcome addition to the stock company, which at the time also included such comparative (and battle scarred) veterans as Bud Jamison and Vernon Dent. Leaving the short subject department in the early '40s, Brent played everyone from henchmen to lawmen in scores of B-Westerns and action melodramas, more often than not unbilled. He worked well into the television era, retiring in the late '60s. Offscreen, Brent was an accomplished architect and painter.

Trivia: On screen from the late '20s, roly-poly B-Western and serial perennial Jack Kirk (born Kirkhuff) began turning up in low-budget Westerns after the advent of sound, usually as a member of various music constellations bearing names like "Range Riders" and "Arizona Wranglers." He later essayed scores of scruffy-looking henchmen and, as he grew older and more settled, began playing bankers, sheriffs, and ranchers. Under term contract with B-Western industry leader Republic Pictures from July 12, 1943, to July 11, 1944, Kirk found roles increasingly more difficult to come by thereafter and left films in 1948 to work on a fishing vessel in Alaska. The former actor reportedly died of a massive heart attack while in the process of unloading a night's catch.

Trivia: A mainstay in B-Westerns, especially serials, since the mid-1920s, narrow-faced Al Taylor (born Albert Clark Taylor) could play both ranchers and rustlers. His almost 40 appearances in serials may well be a record for a supporting player. In his final years, Taylor supplemented his decreasing income as a performer by also working as a stagehand. He died at the Veterans Administration Hospital in West Los Angeles.

Trivia: Snake-eyed, mustachioed character actor Frank Ellis seldom rose above the "member of the posse" status in "B" westerns. Once in a while, he was allowed to say things like "Now here's my plan" and "Let's get outta here," but generally he stood by waiting for the Big Boss (usually someone like Harry Woods or Wheeler Oakman) to do his thinking for him. Ellis reportedly began making films around 1920; he remained in the business at least until the 1954 Allan Dwan-directed western Silver Lode. Frank Ellis has been erroneously credited with several policeman roles in the films of Laurel and Hardy, due to his resemblance to another bit player named Charles McMurphy.

Trivia: A handsome and dignified stage actor, Murdock MacQuarrie began his long screen career in early versions of The Scarlet Letter (1913), The Count of Monte Cristo (1913), and Richelieu ([1914], in the title role) before becoming a director at Universal. Increasingly gaunt and cadaverous, MacQuarrie returned to acting exclusively in the early '20s, playing hundreds of bit parts until the year of his death. Two brothers, Albert MacQuarrie (1882-1950) and Frank MacQuarrie (1875-1950), also appeared in films.

Trivia: One of the busiest bit-part players in B-Westerns of the late 1930s, Canadian-born Oscar Gahan (born John Harvey Gahan) began his 1935-1942 screen career as a member of several hillbilly music groups, including The Arizona Wranglers (aka The Range Riders), which also included stalwart B-Western player Jack Kirk, stuntman Jack Jones, and Deuce Spriggens. Gahan would both appear with the music group and on his own, usually cast as a henchman.

Trivia: From 1923 until his retirement in 1949, American character actor Monte Montague was an adventure-film "regular." In both his silent and sound appearances, Montague was usually seen in comic-sidekick roles. He was busiest at Universal in the 1930s, where he appeared in such serials as Tailspin Tommy (1934), The Adventures of Frank Merriwell(1934) and Radio Patrol (1938). He also showed up in bit parts in the Universal "A" product; he was, for example, Dr. Praetorius' miniaturized King in Bride of Frankenstein (1935). Monte Montague wound up his career at Republic, playing utility roles in that studio's serial and western efforts.

Trivia: The older brother of actresses Etta and Hattie McDaniel, Sam McDaniel began his stage career as a clog dancer with a Denver minstrel show. Later on, he co-starred with his brother Otis in another minstrel troupe, this one managed by his father Henry. Sam and his sister Etta moved to Hollywood during the talkie revolution, securing the sort of bit roles usually reserved for black actors at that time. He earned his professional nickname "Deacon" when he appeared as the "Doleful Deacon" on The Optimistic Do-Nut Hour, a Los Angeles radio program. During this period, Sam encouraged his sister Hattie to come westward and give Hollywood a try; he even arranged Hattie's first radio and nightclub singing jobs. McDaniel continued playing minor movie roles doormen, porters, butlers, janitors while Hattie ascended to stardom, and an Academy Award, as "Mammy" in Gone with the Wind (1939). During the 1950s, McDaniel played a recurring role on TV's Amos 'N' Andy Show.

Trivia: In films from 1932, actor/stunt man Eddie Parker spent the better part of his career at Universal. Parker doubled for most of Universal's horror stars, especially Lon Chaney Jr: rumors still persist that it was Parker, and not Chaney, who actually starred in the studio's Mummy pictures of the 1940s. He also performed stunts for many of Universal's A-list actors, including John Wayne. In the 1950s, he doubled for Boris Karloff in Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1953), and played at least one of the title characters in Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy (1955). His long association with Universal ended when he walked off the set of 1955's This Island Earth (in which he'd been cast as the "head mutant") during a salary dispute; he made one last return to the studio as one of the gladiators in Spartacus (1960). In addition to his Universal duties, Parker worked as both an actor and stunter in virtually every Republic serial made during the 1940s and 1950s. Eddie Parker died of a heart attack shortly after staging a comedic fight sequence on TV's The Jack Benny Program.

Trivia: Together with his older brother Fred Burns, Robert Burns (aka Bob Burns and Robert E. Burns) became one of the busiest bit players/stunt performers in B-Western history, easily recognizable by his trademark mustache and straightforward demeanor. Burns entered films in the 1910s, when he starred in a series of two-reelers from Vitagraph. He was still starring in two-reelers by 1920 but now for small-scale independent producers, and sometimes in the early 1920s, a low-budget concern attempted to turn him into a feature Western star as well. With character actor Horace B. Carpenter handling the directional chores and brunette Dorothy Donald playing the leading ladies, the Burns Westerns never sold as a series but were distributed by various minor organizations throughout the decade. Just Traveling (released 1927) has survived and proves Burns to be a very acceptable Western hero who may even have made the bigtime had he been given half the chance. But the Burns series was too low-budget and disappeared in the glut of low-budget Westerns released in the mid-1920s. Even busier in sound films and often cast along with brother Fred and son Forrest, Burns continued to appear in B-Westerns and serials -- literally hundreds of them -- often cast as stage drivers, townsmen, deputies, members of the posse, or non-speaking henchmen. He should of course not be confused with silent-screen comic Bobby Burns (1878-1966) or Paramount rustic Bob "Bazooka" Burns (1890-1956).

Trivia: Instantly recognizable to fans of B-Westerns, mustachioed bit-part player Pascale Perry (born Harvey Pascale Poirier) began turning up in films, big or small, in the very early '30s. When he retired in 1949, the tough-looking actor, who often played one of the villain's henchmen, had appeared in at least 80 B-Westerns and a handful of serials. He was rarely billed and only occasionally awarded a line or two.

Trivia: A cowboy troubadour who had recorded for both Victor and Columbia, rotund Art Davis appeared as a musician in a few B-Westerns before supporting one-time-only cowboy star Monte Rawlins (aka Dean Spencer) in the bizarre The Adventures of the Masked Phantom (1939). Davis billed himself as Larry Mason for the occasion, perhaps hoping that no one would notice his participation in this, one of the decade's more ridiculous (albeit entertaining) low-budget ventures. He was Art Davis again when signed by poverty row newcomer PRC in 1942, as one of the Frontier Marshals. The ramshackle studio's bid to compete with rival Republic Pictures' popular Three Mesquiteers Westerns, the Frontier Marshal vehicles co-starred Davis with screen newcomer and fellow troubadour Bill "Cowboy Rambler" Boyd and Lee Powell. The latter, who took care of most of the action, suffered the indignity of being billed below his two sidekicks but that was truly the sole remarkable feature of this wretched series. The demise of Frontier Marshals after only six installments came as a relief to everyone concerned and Davis returned to performing with his hillbilly singing group Art Davis and his Rhythm Rangers. The Art Davis of B-Westerns should not be confused with the animator of the same name.

Trivia: A member of the posse as early as Ken Maynard's Cheyenne (1929), New York cowboy Charles M. "Chuck" Baldra later joined the music group The Arizona Wranglers (aka The Range Riders), which also included fellow B-Western regulars Jack Kirk and Oscar Gahan. With his thin mustache and threatening airs, Baldra was usually cast as a henchman, rarely receiving onscreen billing and often working in very low-budget Gower Gulch oaters.

Trivia: A former boxer, Charles Sullivan turned to acting in 1925. Sullivan menaced such comedians as Harold Lloyd and Laurel and Hardy before concentrating on feature-film work. When he wasn't playing thugs (Public Enemy, 1931), he could be seen as a sailor (King Kong, 1933). Most of the time, Charles Sullivan was cast as chauffeurs, right up to his retirement in 1958.

Trivia: His hangdog expression gracing scores of Hollywood films from 1925 to 1950, Frank Austin (born George Francis Austin) portrayed Abraham Lincoln in the 1928 Jack Holt film Court-Martial. Adept at comedy as well as drama, Austin is memorable as the sinister butler in The Laurel and Hardy Murder Case (1930), the prisoner with the sore tooth in the team's Pardon Us (1931), and the diner with high blood pressure in W.C. Fields' Never Give a Sucker an Even Break (1941). Making his mark on B-Westerns as well, Austin delivered standout performances as the coroner in Reb Russell's Outlaw Rule (1935), the ill-fated Chuckwalla in the serial Riders of Death Valley (1941), and the assayer in Whip Wilson's Arizona Territory (1950), his final screen performance.

Trivia: Lanky, Montana-born Fred Burns, a former bronco-buster for the Buffalo Bill and Miller 101 Wild West shows, played Western leads opposite Lillian Gish at Biograph in the very early 1910s and later rode in The Birth of a Nation (1915). Like brother Bob Burns, the distinguished-looking, gray-haired Fred eventually drifted into supporting and bit roles, almost always portraying a sheriff or deputy. He seems to have retired after Gene Autry's Barbed Wire (1952), in which, unbilled as usual, he played a rancher.

Trivia: According to his official studio bio, this ruddy-faced veteran character player was born in Dublin, Ireland, but his death certificate instead lists the rather less glamorous Independence, MO. Whatever his birthplace, Murphy (who sometimes billed himself C.B. Murphy or plain Charles Murphy) was a constant presence in serials and B-Westerns from the very beginning. In film from at least 1913, Murphy played the chief of boatmen in The Adventures of Kathlyn (1913), considered the birth of the cliffhangers, and was a stagecoach driver 27 years later in Adventures of Red Ryder (1940). Murphy drove the stagecoach again in the 1942 Hopalong Cassidy western Lost Canyon but, sadly, with tragic consequences. During filming, the coach hit a rock, overturned, and fatally injured Murphy. He died from his injuries a few days later at a Bakersfield, CA, hospital.