Trivia: The long-reigning king of Hollywood horror, Boris Karloff was born William Henry Pratt on November 23, 1887, in South London. The youngest of nine children, he was educated at London University in preparation for a career as a diplomat. However, in 1909, he emigrated to Canada to accept a job on a farm, and while living in Ontario he began pursuing acting, joining a touring company and adopting the stage name Boris Karloff. His first role was as an elderly man in a production of Molnar's The Devil, and for the next decade Karloff toiled in obscurity, traveling across North America in a variety of theatrical troupes. By 1919, he was living in Los Angeles, unemployed and considering a move into vaudeville, when instead he found regular work as an extra at Universal Studios. Karloff's first role of note was in 1919's His Majesty the American, and his first sizable part came in The Deadlier Sex a year later. Still, while he worked prolifically, his tenure in the silents was undistinguished, although it allowed him to hone his skills as a consummate screen villain.Karloff's first sound-era role was in the 1929 melodrama The Unholy Night, but he continued to languish without any kind of notice, remaining so anonymous even within the film industry itself that Picturegoer magazine credited 1931's The Criminal Code as his first film performance. The picture, a Columbia production, became his first significant hit, and soon Karloff was an in-demand character actor in projects ranging from the Wheeler and Woolsey comedy Cracked Nuts to the Edward G. Robinson vehicle Five Star Final to the serial adventure King of the Wild. Meanwhile, at Universal Studios, plans were underway to adapt the Mary Shelley classic Frankenstein in the wake of the studio's massive Bela Lugosi hit Dracula. Lugosi, however, rejected the role of the monster, opting instead to attach his name to a project titled Quasimodo which ultimately went unproduced. Karloff, on the Universal lot shooting 1931's Graft, was soon tapped by director James Whale to replace Lugosi as Dr. Frankenstein's monstrous creation, and with the aid of the studio's makeup and effects unit, he entered into his definitive role, becoming an overnight superstar. Touted as the natural successor to Lon Chaney, Karloff was signed by Universal to a seven-year contract, but first he needed to fulfill his prior commitments and exited to appear in films including the Howard Hawks classic Scarface and Business or Pleasure. Upon returning to the Universal stable, he portrayed himself in 1932's The Cohens and Kellys in Hollywood before starring as a nightclub owner in Night World. However, Karloff soon reverted to type, starring in the title role in 1932's The Mummy, followed by a turn as a deaf-mute killer in Whale's superb The Old Dark House. On loan to MGM, he essayed the titular evildoer in The Mask of Fu Manchu, but on his return to Universal he demanded a bigger salary, at which point the studio dropped him. Karloff then journeyed back to Britain, where he starred in 1933's The Ghoul, before coming back to Hollywood to appear in John Ford's 1934 effort The Lost Patrol. After making amends with Universal, he co-starred with Lugosi in The Black Cat, the first of several pairings for the two actors, and in 1936 he starred in the stellar sequel The Bride of Frankenstein. Karloff spent the remainder of the 1930s continuing to work at an incredible pace, but the quality of his films, the vast majority of them B-list productions, began to taper off dramatically. Finally, in 1941, he began a three-year theatrical run in Arsenic and Old Lace before returning to Hollywood to star in the A-list production The Climax. Again, however, Karloff soon found himself consigned to Poverty Row efforts, such as 1945's The House of Frankenstein. He also found himself at RKO under Val Lewton's legendary horror unit. A few of his films were more distinguished -- he appeared in The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, Unconquered, and even Abbott and Costello Meet the Killer -- and in 1948 starred on Broadway in J.B. Priestley's The Linden Tree, but by and large Karloff delivered strong performances in weak projects. By the mid-'50s, he was a familiar presence on television, and from 1956 to 1958, hosted his own series. By the following decade, he was a fixture at Roger Corman's American International Pictures. In 1969, Karloff appeared in Peter Bogdanovich's Targets, a smart, sensitive tale in which he portrayed an aging horror film star; the role proved a perfect epitaph -- he died on February 2, 1969.

Trivia: Leading man Colin Clive was born in France to a British colonel and his wife. Clive's own military career was cut short by a knee injury, which fortunately did not prevent him from becoming an actor. Clive was brought to Hollywood on the strength of his stage performance in Journey's End, duly committed to film in 1930. He spent the rest of his movie career hopscotching between England and America, his most significant work emanating from Hollywood. Clive has earned a niche in cinematic valhalla for his feverish, driven performance as Dr. Frankenstein in Frankenstein (1931) and Bride of Frankenstein (1935), both directed by his Journey's End mentor James Whale. He was also seen as Rochester in the first talkie version of Jane Eyre (1934). Never a well man, Colin Clive died of tuberculosis at the age of 39.

Trivia: British actress Valerie Hobson had barely begun her studies at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts when, at 16, she was discovered for the movies. In 1934, Hobson was signed to a Hollywood contract by Universal pictures, where for a frustrating 12 months she served as a Fay Wray substitute in roles calling for wide-eyed terror and little else. During this period, she played the title role in The Bride of Frankenstein (1935) -- not the monstrosity portrayed by Elsa Lanchester, of course, but the imperiled missus of Colin Clive -- and was equally unhappily married to "The Werewolf of London" in the picture of the same name. Returning to the British film industry in 1936, Hobson developed into one of the most popular and versatile leading ladies in the business. She was a delightful "Nora Charles" type in the 1938 murder mystery This Man is News (1938), and was both sexy and resourceful opposite Conrad Veidt in a brace of espionage thrillers, The Spy in Black (1939) and Contraband (1940). Hobson was seen at her best in her postwar films, notably as the demure lady love of homicidal Dennis Price in Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949), the selfish mother of John Howard Davies in The Rocking Horse Winner (1950), and the screwball "professional guest" in the "Ways and Means" episode of the Noel Coward omnibus Tonight at 8:30 (1952). In 1946, Hobson offered an exquisite performance as Estella in David Lean's adaptation of Dickens' Great Expectations; ironically, she had played a smaller role in the 1934 Universal version of the same Dickens novel, but her part had wound up on the cutting room floor. Previously wed to producer Anthony Havelock-Allen, Hobson retired from films in 1954 to marry future British Minister of War John Profumo. Valerie Hobson was reluctantly thrust back into the public eye during the Christine Keeler sex scandal of 1963, faithfully and courageously standing by her disgraced husband as Profumo and several other members of the British cabinet were forced to resign.

Trivia: Eccentric, high-voiced British comedienne/actress Elsa Lanchester started her career as a modern dancer, appearing with Isadora Duncan. Lanchester can be seen bringing unique and usually humorous interpretations to roles in The Private Life of Henry VIII (1933), opposite husband Charles Laughton; The Bride of Frankenstein (1934), where she appears both as a subdued Mary Shelley and a hissing bride; David Copperfield and Naughty Marietta (both 1935); Tales of Manhattan (1942) and Forever and a Day (1943), both with Laughton; Lassie Come Home (1943), in which she is unusually subdued as the mother; The Bishop's Wife (1947); The Inspector General and The Secret Garden (1949); and Come to the Stable (1949), for which she was nominated for an Oscar. She and Laughton are riotous together in Witness for the Prosecution (1957), for which she was also Oscar-nominated, and she also appeared in Bell, Book and Candle (1958) and the Disney films Mary Poppins (1964), as the departing nanny Katie Nanna, and in That Darn Cat (1965). One of her best late performances was in Murder by Death (1976). Lanchester was also an actress at London's Old Vic, an outlandish singer, and a nightclub performer; she co-starred on The John Forsythe Show (1965-66), and was a regular on Nanny and the Professor in 1971.

Trivia: Tall, hawk-nosed leading man Gavin Gordon was one of many stage actors drafted for the movies in the first years of sound. Stardom seemed within his grasp when he was cast opposite Greta Garbo in her second talkie, Romance (1930). Unfortunately, though his voice was clear and resonant, Gordon came off as stiff and soulless as a romantic lead. He would fare better in such secondary parts as the sanctimonious missionary fiancé of Barbara Stanwyck in The Bitter Tea of General Yen (1933), and the imperious Lord Byron in Bride of Frankenstein (1935). During the 1950s, Gavin Gordon was most active at Paramount Pictures, playing small character roles in such films as White Christmas (1954), Knock on Wood (1954) and The Ten Commandments (1955).

Trivia: British actor Douglas Walton kept busy in the Hollywood of the 1930s playing upper-class twits, ineffectual weaklings, and other such highly coveted roles. Walton was most memorably cast as the genteelly depraved Percy Shelley in the prologue scenes of Bride of Frankenstein (1935). He also played the dull-witted, cowardly Darnley in John Ford's Mary of Scotland (1936). Douglas Walton remained in films until the late '40s, usually in bit parts but sometimes in such sizeable characterizations as Percival Priceless in Dick Tracy vs. Cueball (1947).

Trivia: With the body of a scarecrow, the contemptuous stare of a house detective, and the voice of an air-raid siren, Irish-born Una O'Connor was one of filmdom's most unforgettable character actresses. Beginning her career with Dublin's Abbey Players and extending her activities to the London's West End and Broadway, O'Connor was cast as the socially conscious housekeeper in Noel Coward's 1932 London production Cavalcade; it was this role which brought her to Hollywood in 1933. She rapidly became a favorite of two prominent directors, James Whale and John Ford, neither of whom were inclined to ask her to tone down her film performances. For Whale, O'Connor screeched her way through two major 1930s horror films, The Invisible Man (1933) and The Bride of Frankenstein (1935); for Ford, O'Connor played the grieving mother of martyred IRA activist Wallace Ford in The Informer (1935) and Mrs. Grogan in The Plough and the Stars (1936). For those detractors who believe that O'Connor never gave a subtle, controlled performance in her life, refer to Lubitsch's Cluny Brown (1946), wherein Ms. O'Connor spoke not a single word as the glowering mother of upper-class twit Richard Haydn. Fourteen years after portraying Charles Laughton's overprotective mother in This Land Is Mine (1943), Una O'Connor once more appeared opposite Laughton in 1957's Witness for the Prosecution, playing a hard-of-hearing housekeeper; it was her last screen performance.

Trivia: Born in Wales, E. E. Clive studied for a medical career before switching his field of endeavor to acting at age 22. Touring the provinces for a decade, Clive became an expert at virtually every sort of regional dialect in the British Isles. He moved to the U.S. in 1912, where after working in the Orpheum vaudeville circuit he set up his own stock company in Boston. By the 1920s, his company was operating in Hollywood; among his repertory players were such up-and-comers as Rosalind Russell. He made his film debut as a rural police officer in 1933's The Invisible Man, then spent the next seven years showing up in wry bit roles as burgomeisters, butlers, reporters, aristocrats, shopkeepers and cabbies. Though he seldom settled down too long in any one characterization, E. E. Clive was a semi-regular as Tenny the Butler in Paramount's Bulldog Drummond "B" series.

Trivia: In films from 1929 to 1943, character actor Lucien Prival was able to parlay his vocal and physical resemblance to Erich von Stroheim into a sizeable screen career. Prival was at his most Stroheim-like in war films, notably Hell's Angels (1930), in which his Baron Von Kranz both set the plot in motion and brought things to a conclusion. He went on to play Teutonic menaces in films ranging from Sherlock Holmes (1932) and Return of Chandu (1934). Horror fans will remember Lucien Prival as the ill-tempered butler in James Whale's The Bride of Frankenstein (1935).

Trivia: Golden-voiced character actor O.P. Heggie has sometimes been described as a Scotsman; in truth, he was born in Australia of Scots parents. Trained for a musical career, Heggie began "trodding the boards" at the turn of the century. He had nearly 30 years' worth of stage experience when he made his film debut in 1928. His most notable film roles included Inspector Nayland Smith in The Mysterious Dr. Fu Manchu (1929), Louis XI in The Vagabond King (1930), Edmond Dantes' cellmate Abbe Faria in The Count of Monte Cristo (1934) and Matthew Cuthbert in Anne of Green Gables (1934). Shortly after completing work on The Prisoner of Shark Island (1936), the 56-year old Heggie died, the victim of a brief pneumonia outbreak in Los Angeles. It is a tribute to the artistry of O.P. Heggie that his portrayal of the blind hermit in The Bride of Frankenstein (1935) remains powerful and moving even after Gene Hackman's devastating takeoff in Mel Brooks' Young Frankenstein (1974).

Trivia: Born in Kansas and raised in Colorado, Dwight Frye studied for a career in music, and by his mid-teens was a talented concert pianist. He switched to acting when he joined the O.D. Woodward stock company in 1918. During his years on Broadway, Frye specialized in comedy parts. When Hollywood called, however, the actor found himself typed as a neurotic villain. The role that both made and broke him was the bug-eating lunatic Renfield in 1931's Dracula. Though he begged producers to allow him to play comic or "straight" parts, he was hopelessly typed as Renfield, and spent the bulk of his career portraying murderers, grave robbers, crazed hunchbacks and mad scientists. When the first "horror" cycle subsided, Frye found himself accepting nondescript bit roles in films like The People vs. Dr. Kildare (1939). During the 1940s, Frye bounced from one "B" factory to another, doing his usual in such cheap thrillers as Dead Men Walk (1942). In between acting jobs, he supported himself and his family as a designer in an aircraft factory. Dwight Frye was about to undertake the stereotype-breaking role of Secretary of War Newton D. Baker in the lavish 20th Century-Fox biopic Wilson when he died of a sudden heart attack at the age of 44.

Trivia: Gray-haired and dignified, Reginald Barlow was a busy presence in Hollywood films of the 1930s. Having toured with a minstrel group from the age of nine, Barlow later served in no less than three wars, including World War I, during which he was made a colonel. Returning to acting in 1916, Barlow appeared in a few silent films, most prominently perhaps the low-budget Love's Flame (1920), for which he billed himself "Colonel Reginald Barlow." Turning to films permanently after the changeover to sound, the now veteran performer usually played men of means, military officers, senators, and bankers -- turning up as a chaplain in Ann Vickers (1933), the Duke of Newcastle in Last of the Mohicans (1936), the sheriff in Tower of London (1939), and the professor ostracizing mad scientist George Zucco in The Mad Monster (1942).

Trivia: Diminutive Scottish stage and screen actress Mary Gordon was seemingly placed on this earth to play care-worn mothers, charwomen and housekeepers. In films from the silent area (watch for her towards the end of the 1928 Joan Crawford feature Our Dancing Daughters), Gordon played roles ranging from silent one-scene bits to full-featured support. She frequently acted with Laurel and Hardy, most prominently as the stern Scots innkeeper Mrs. Bickerdyke in 1935's Bonnie Scotland. Gordon was also a favorite of director John Ford, portraying Irish, Scottish, Welsh and Englishwomen with equal aplomb (and sometimes with the same accent). She was the screen mother of actors as diverse as Jimmy Cagney, Leo Gorcey and Lou Costello; she parodied this grey-haired matriarch image in Olsen and Johnson's See My Lawyer (1945), wherein her tearful court testimony on behalf of her son (Ed Brophy) is accompanied by a live violinist. Mary Gordon is most fondly remembered by film buffs for her recurring role as housekeeper Mrs. Hudson in the Sherlock Holmes films of 1939-46 starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, a role she carried over to the Holmes radio series of the '40s.

Trivia: Best remembered for playing the coroner in Bride of Frankenstein, 1930s bit player Edwin Mordant had been a Broadway performer of some fame in the early years of the 20th century, appearing in such plays as Sherlock Holmes (1915) with William Gillette and the hugely successful Business Before Pleasure (1917), while moonlighting in New York-lensed screen melodrama for Famous Players. He became a Hollywood bit player late in life, a career that lasted until 1938 and included such potboilers as the Bela Lugosi serial S.O.S. Coast Guard (1937) and Grand National's Shadows Over Shanghai (1938), in both of which the veteran character actor played medical doctors.

Trivia: Despite a publicity campaign that listed her birthplace as Paris, France, American silent screen heroine Grace Cunard was an Ohio girl, born and bred. A show-business veteran already as a teenager (her sister was actress Mina Seymour, aka Mina Cunard), Grace began her screen career with Lubin around 1911. By 1913, she was slaving away at Tom Ince's Inceville studio, which is where she met her future screen partner, Francis Ford. It was reportedly Cunard who convinced Ford to leave the too-controlling Ince. The two signed with Universal instead, where they went on to become that studio's top Western and serial team. Because of the worldwide success of the Pathé serial The Perils of Pauline, a Ford/Cunard two-reeler was enlarged into the 15-chapter serial Lucille Love, Girl of Mystery. A globetrotting adventure, the serial had Cunard matching wits with Ford, an international spy. The success was assured and the team went on to make three additional chapterplays, perhaps the highlights of both their careers. Like most of the silent action heroines, the buxom Cunard was attractive rather than beautiful and never afraid to get down and dirty. She was, however, visibly exhausted during the filming of The Purple Mask, the team's fourth and final serial together, and the strain continued in Elmo the Mighty (1919), in which she appeared opposite the screen's first Tarzan, Elmo Lincoln. She suffered a nervous breakdown and newcomer Louise Lorraine replaced her in Elmo the Fearless. Although she continued to star in action adventures, Grace Cunard's era was over. She left the screen in 1925 after marrying stunt man Jack Shannon (a prior marriage to actor Joe Moore had ended in divorce), but reappeared as the mysterious "Woman in White" in the 1927 serial Blake of Scotland Yard. She continued in films well into the sound era -- but in increasingly smaller roles -- retiring in 1945. Never quite as popular as Pearl White and Ruth Roland, Cunard nevertheless added some much needed acting prowess to the serial field, especially opposite Francis Ford. So compatible onscreen were they that moviegoers mistakenly assumed they were husband and wife offscreen as well.

Trivia: Sources differ as to whether dark-haired American stunt woman/actress Helen Gibson actually enjoyed the benefit of clergy when "marrying" future cowboy star Hoot Gibson at the Pendleton Roundup in Oregon in 1911. Gibson herself always maintained that they were husband and wife and "The Hooter" certainly appeared the jealous husband when, in 1915, she replaced Helen Holmes in the long-running Hazards of Helen series and became the Gibson family's main breadwinner. Born Rose August Wenger but changing her name to fit her new role on and off the screen, Helen Gibson succeeded Helen Holmes after years as a stunt rider with the famous Miller 101 Wild West Show and as an eight dollars-a-week extra for film producer Thomas Ince. She was actually much livelier and arguably a better actress than her predecessor and the series made her a top action star. The Hazards of Helen finally ended in 1917 and Gibson would find the coming decade less hospitable. No longer with Hoot Gibson, she also suffered the indignity of going bankrupt in an attempt to produce her own starring vehicles. But despite setbacks, Helen Gibson persevered due to her superior riding skills and film work kept coming her way, right through to the 1960s and John Ford's The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962), for which she reportedly earned 35 dollars driving a team of horses. Helen Gibson lived long enough to become part of the nostalgia boom and often shared her recollections with readers of such publications as Films in Review.

Trivia: Tall, alluring actress Joan Woodbury was a professional dancer in the Los Angeles area before entering films in the early '30s. Almost exclusively confined to B-pictures, Woodbury had few pretensions about her "art" and disdained any sort of star treatment; while being interviewed for the leading role in the independently produced Paper Bullets (1941), Woodbury ignored the fact that the producers couldn't afford any office furniture and sat on the floor. While she claimed to have never made more than 300 dollars a week as an actress, Woodbury was a thorough professional, treating even the shabbiest assignment as a job of importance. She was proudest of the time when, while starring in the Columbia serial Brenda Starr, Reporter (1945), she prevented the film from going over budget by performing a complicated five-minute scene in a single take -- which earned her a spontaneous round of applause from the crew members. After retiring from films in the 1960s, Woodbury organized and maintained the Palm Springs-based Valley Player's Guild, staging plays which featured other veteran performers. Joan Woodbury was married twice, to actor/producer Henry Wilcoxon and actor Ray Mitchell.

Trivia: Peter Shaw was an actor/producer in addition to his role as the longtime husband of actress Angela Lansbury. He began his career in front of the screen following World War II, and later found success as a studio executive at MGM. A native of Reading, England, Shaw served in the British army during the second World War. He was signed to an MGM contract by the Charles Feldman Agency in the late '40s. MGM Studios was where the handsome actor met his future wife, Lansbury, and after marrying the actress in 1949, Shaw apprenticed with agent Paul Small, leading to an executive position at the studio and later a career with the William Morris Agency, where he represented such luminaries as Katharine Hepburn and Robert Mitchum. Returning to MGM as head of production in 1964 and then re-joining the William Morris Agency as an international business manager, Shaw launched Corymore Productions in 1987, and it was at Universal Studios that he and his two sons produced Lansbury's Murder, She Wrote, in addition to numerous other made-for-television features. Plagued by failing health in his later years, Peter Shaw died of heart failure in his Los Angeles home in January of 2003. He was 84.

Trivia: American dwarf actor Billy Barty always claimed to have been born in the early '20s, but the evidence of his somewhat wizened, all-knowing countenance in his film appearances of the 1930s would suggest that he was at least ten years shy of the whole truth. At any rate, Barty made many film appearances from at least 1931 onward, most often cast as bratty children due to his height. He was a peripheral member of an Our Gang rip-off in the Mickey McGuire comedy shorts, portrayed the infant-turned-pig in Alice in Wonderland (1933), he did a turn in blackface as a "shrunken" Eddie Cantor in Roman Scandals (also 1933), and he frequently popped up as a lasciviously leering baby in the risqué musical highlights of Busby Berkeley's Warner Bros. films. One of Barty's most celebrated cinema moments occurred in 1937's Nothing Sacred, in which, playing a small boy, he pops up out of nowhere to bite Fredric March in the leg. Barty was busy but virtually anonymous in films, since he seldom received screen credit. TV audiences began to connect his name with his face in the 1950s when Barty was featured on various variety series hosted by bandleader Spike Jones. Disdainful of certain professional "little people" who rely on size alone to get laughs, Barty was seen at his very best on the Jones programs, dancing, singing, and delivering dead-on impressions: the diminutive actor's takeoff on Liberace was almost unbearably funny. Though he was willing to poke fun at himself on camera, Barty was fiercely opposed to TV and film producers who exploited midgets and dwarves, and as he continued his career into the 1970s and '80s, Barty saw to it that his own roles were devoid of patronization -- in fact, he often secured parts that could have been portrayed by so-called "normal" actors, proof that one's stature has little to do with one's talent. A two-fisted advocate of equitable treatment of short actors, Billy Barty took time away from his many roles in movies (Foul Play [1978], Willow [1988]) and TV to maintain his support organization The Little People of America and the Billy Barty Foundation. Billy Barty died in December 2000 of heart failure.

Trivia: The daughter of a stage actress, Helen Parrish began appearing in silent films as a child. In the early '30s, she was briefly a member of Hal Roach's Our Gang. Parrish went on to inspire hisses as Deanna Durbin's spiteful nemesis in such films as Three Smart Girls Grow Up (1939) and First Love (1939). She began playing adult roles at Universal and RKO in 1940 before her career went into a slow decline at Monogram. For many years the wife of People Are Funny and You Bet Your Life producer John Guedel, Helen Parrish died of cancer at the age of 34. Her older brother was juvenile star-turned-editor-turned-director Robert Parrish.

Trivia: It had originally been the hope of Walter Brennan (and his family) that he would follow in the footsteps of his father, an engineer; but while still a student, he was bitten by the acting bug and was already at a crossroads when he graduated in 1915. Brennan had already worked in vaudeville when he enlisted at age 22 to serve in World War I. He served in an artillery unit and although he got through the war without being wounded, his exposure to poison gas ruined his vocal chords, leaving him with the high-pitched voice texture that made him a natural for old man roles while still in his thirties. His health all but broken by the experience, Brennan moved to California in the hope that the warm climate would help him and he lost most of what money he had when land values in the state collapsed in 1925. It was the need for cash that drove him to the gates of the studios that year, for which he worked as an extra and bit player. The advent of the talkies served Brennan well, as he had been mimicking accents in childhood and could imitate a variety of different ethnicities on request. It was also during this period that, in an accident during a shoot, another actor (some stories claimed it was a mule) kicked him in the mouth and cost him his front teeth. Brennan was fitted for a set of false teeth that worked fine, and wearing them allowed him to play lean, lanky, virile supporting roles; but when he took them out, and the reedy, leathery voice kicked in with the altered look, Brennan became the old codger with which he would be identified in a significant number of his parts in the coming decades. He can be spotted in tiny, anonymous roles in a multitude of early-'30s movies, including King Kong (1933) (as a reporter) and one Three Stooges short. In 1935, however, he was fortunate enough to be cast in the supporting role of Jenkins in The Wedding Night. Directed by King Vidor and produced by Samuel Goldwyn, it was supposed to launch Anna Sten (its female lead) to stardom; but instead, it was Brennan who got noticed by the critics. He was put under contract with Goldwyn, and was back the same year as Old Atrocity in Barbary Coast. He continued doing bit parts, but after 1935, his films grew fewer in number and the parts much bigger. It was in the rustic drama Come and Get It (1936) that Brennan won his first Academy Award as Best Supporting Actor. Two years later, he won a second Best Supporting Actor Oscar for his performance in Kentucky (1938). That same year, he played major supporting roles in The Texans and The Buccaneer, and delighted younger audiences with his moving portrayal of Muff Potter, the man wrongfully accused of murder in Norman Taurog's The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Brennan worked only in high-profile movies from then on, including The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle, Stanley and Livingston, and Goldwyn's They Shall Have Music, all in 1939. In 1940, he rejoined Gary Cooper in The Westerner, playing the part of a notoriously corrupt judge. Giving a beautifully understated performance that made the character seem sympathetic and tragic as much as dangerous and reprehensible, he won his third Best Supporting Actor award. There was no looking back now, as Brennan joined the front rank of leading character actors. His ethnic portrayals gradually tapered off as Brennan took on parts geared specifically for him. In Frank Capra's Meet John Doe and Howard Hawks' Sergeant York (both 1941), he played clear-thinking, key supporting players to leading men, while in Jean Renoir's Swamp Water (released that same year), he played another virtual leading role as a haunted man driven by demons that almost push him to murder. He played only in major movies from that point on, and always in important roles. Sam Wood used him in Goldwyn's The Pride of the Yankees (1942), Lewis Milestone cast him as a Russian villager in The North Star (1943), and he was in Goldwyn's production of The Princess and the Pirate (1944) as a comical half-wit who managed to hold his own working alongside Bob Hope. Brennan played the choice role of Ike Clanton in Ford's My Darling Clementine (1946) and reprised his portrayal of an outlaw clan leader in more comic fashion in Burt Kennedy's Support Your Local Sheriff some 23 years later. He worked with Cooper again on Delmer Daves' Task Force (1949) and played prominent roles in John Sturges' Bad Day at Black Rock and Anthony Mann's The Far Country (both 1955). In 1959, the 64-year-old Brennan got one of the biggest roles of his career in Hawks' Rio Bravo, playing Stumpy, the game-legged jailhouse keeper who is backing up the besieged sheriff. By that time, Brennan had moved to television, starring in the CBS series The Real McCoys, which became a six-season hit built around his portrayal of the cantankerous family patriarch Amos McCoy. The series was such a hit that John Wayne's production company was persuaded to release a previously shelved film, William Wellman's Goodbye, My Lady (1956), about a boy, an old man (played by Brennan), and a dog, during the show's run. Although he had disputes with the network and stayed a season longer than he had wanted, Brennan also liked the spotlight. He even enjoyed a brief, successful career as a recording artist on the Columbia Records label during the 1960s. Following the cancellation of The Real McCoys, Brennan starred in the short-lived series The Tycoon, playing a cantankerous, independent-minded multimillionaire who refuses to behave the way his family or his company's board of directors think a 70-year-old should. By this time, Brennan had become one of the more successful actors in Hollywood, with a 12,000-acre ranch in Northern California that was run by his sons, among other property. He'd invested wisely and also owned a share of his first series. Always an ideological conservative, it was during this period that his political views began taking a sharp turn to the right in response to the strife he saw around him. During the '60s, he was convinced that the anti-war and civil rights movements were being run by overseas communists -- and said as much in interviews. He told reporters that he believed the civil rights movement, in particular, and the riots in places like Watts and Newark, and demonstrations in Birmingham, AL, were the result of perfectly content "Negroes" being stirred up by a handful of trouble-makers with an anti-American agenda. Those on the set of his last series, The Guns of Will Sonnett -- in which he played the surprisingly complex role of an ex-army scout trying to undo the damage caused by his being a mostly absentee father -- say that he cackled with delight upon learning of Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination in 1968. Brennan later worked on the 1972 presidential campaign of reactionary right-wing California Congressman John Schmitz, a nominee of the American Party, whose campaign was predicated on the notion that the Republican Party under Richard Nixon had become too moderate. Mostly, though, Brennan was known to the public for his lovable, sometimes comical screen persona, and was still working as the '60s drew to a close, on made-for-TV movies such as The Over-the-Hill Gang, which reunited him with one of his favorite directors, Jean Yarbrough, and his old stablemate Chill Wills. Brennan died of emphysema in 1974 at the age of 80.

Trivia: Though best known to modern filmgoers as a horror star, cadaverous John Carradine was, in his prime, one of the most versatile character actors on the silver screen. The son of a journalist father and physician mother, Carradine was given an expensive education in Philadelphia and New York. Upon graduating from the Graphic Arts School, he intended to make his living as a painter and sculptor, but in 1923 he was sidetracked into acting. Working for a series of low-paying stock companies throughout the 1920s, he made ends meet as a quick-sketch portrait painter and scenic designer. He came to Hollywood in 1930, where his extensive talents and eccentric behavior almost immediately brought him to the attention of casting directors. He played a dizzying variety of distinctive bit parts -- a huntsman in Bride of Frankenstein (1935), a crowd agitator in Les Miserables (1935) -- before he was signed to a 20th Century Fox contract in 1936. His first major role was the sadistic prison guard in John Ford's Prisoner of Shark Island (1936), which launched a long and fruitful association with Ford, culminating in such memorable screen characterizations as the gentleman gambler in Stagecoach (1939) and Preacher Casy ("I lost the callin'!") in The Grapes of Wrath (1940). Usually typecast as a villain, Carradine occasionally surprised his followers with non-villainous roles like the philosophical cab driver in Alexander's Ragtime Band (1938) and Abraham Lincoln in Of Human Hearts (1938). Throughout his Hollywood years, Carradine's first love remained the theater; to fund his various stage projects (which included his own Shakespearean troupe), he had no qualms about accepting film work in the lowest of low-budget productions. Ironically, it was in one of these Poverty Row cheapies, PRC's Bluebeard (1944), that the actor delivered what many consider his finest performance. Though he occasionally appeared in an A-picture in the 1950s and 1960s (The Ten Commandments, Cheyenne Autumn), Carradine was pretty much consigned to cheapies during those decades, including such horror epics as The Black Sleep (1956), The Unearthly (1957), and the notorious Billy the Kid Meets Dracula (1966). He also appeared in innumerable television programs, among them Twilight Zone, The Munsters, Thriller, and The Red Skelton Show, and from 1962 to 1964 enjoyed a long Broadway run as courtesan-procurer Lycus in A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum. Though painfully crippled by arthritis in his last years, Carradine never stopped working, showing up in films ranging from Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex But Were Afraid to Ask (1972) to Peggy Sue Got Married (1984). Married four times, John Carradine was the father of actors David, Keith, Robert, and Bruce Carradine.

Trivia: A heavyweight presence during most of the silent era, 6'2," 225-pound, black-haired, mustachioed Jack Curtis entered films in 1915 after a varied career in musical comedy and vaudeville, where, according to at least one report, he directed his own shows. Usually cast as a dyed-in-the-wool villain, Curtis could also play the heroine's kindly father and was busiest in the 1920s. Perhaps most memorable as Gibson Gowland's father in Greed (1925), Curtis continued his screen career unabated well into the sound era. The roles got increasingly smaller but the veteran actor hung in there and played his fair share of bartenders, lawmen, and store clerks. He was a printer's devil in Citizen Kane (1941) and a card player in his last identifiable film appearance, The Exile (1947).

Trivia: Enjoying a screen career that began in 1908 and lasted until the early '50s, Edward Peil Sr. remains one of those faces every lover of classic Hollywood movies knows so well but just cannot quite place. A barnstormer of the old school, Peil supported legendary stage diva Helena Modjeska in road companies of such theatrical classics as The Witching Hour and Brewster's Millions. Although he had dabbled in motion picture acting as early as 1908 (probably with the Philadelphia-based Lubin company), Peil came into his own with D.W. Griffith, who cast him as Evil Eye in Broken Blossoms (1919) and Swan Way in Dream Street (1921), not exactly characterizations that will endear him to modern, more politically correct moviegoers. Peil, whose last name was often misspelled "Piel," performed more evil-doing later in the decade, although age had a mellowing effect and he increasingly began playing gentleman ranchers, the heroine's father/uncle, decent lawmen, and the like, carving out a whole new career for himself in the field of B-Westerns. According to genre expert Les Adams, Peil made a total of 104 sound Westerns and 11 serials, adding the "Sr." to his name when his namesake son dropped his previous moniker of Johnny Jones. Father and son made one film together: the 1941 aviation drama I Wanted Wings. Edward Peil Sr. died in 1958 at the age of 76.

Trivia: Of German origin, William Van Haden began his stage career around 1895 appearing in German-language plays under the name of William A. Howell (or, as he was sometimes billed, W.A. Howell). After touring with several also-ran stock companies, Van Haden entered films with the Kalem company in 1911, appearing opposite that company's first leading lady, Gene Gauntier. He later worked for Rex, Biograph, and Thanhouser, starring in and directing a series of Falstaff comedies for the latter. Lensed in Florida, the Falstaff films were polite little situation comedies featuring Howell/Van Haden as a dapper gent with a thin mustache and looking for all the world like the later Charley Chase. He left Thanhouser to operate his own company, the short-lived Gotham Film Co., which produced "patriotic spectacles." By the 1920s, he was playing bit parts in low-budget Westerns but apparently did direct the still extant Jesus of Nazareth (1928), a screen pageant featuring Philip Van Loan as Christ and Anna Lehr (mother of actress Ann Dvorak) as the Virgin Mary. After the advent of sound, Van Haden became a busy performer in German-language versions of such Grade-A Hollywood productions as The Trial of Mary Dugan (1930) and The Big Trail (1931) but was offered mainly bit parts in more mainstream English-language fare. He died of a heart attack.

Trivia: Despite hailing from San Francisco, dark-haired Robert A'Dair (sometimes given as Robert Adair) spent his screen career playing English military personnel, bobbies, butlers, footmen, and so on. A'Dair played the cockroach racing Captain Hardy in the 1930 Hollywood screen version of the anti-war play Journey's End (1930), the highlight of a long screen career spent mostly in small supporting roles.

Trivia: A former lawyer, Irish-born D'Arcy Corrigan came to films with a varied background that included a stint as private secretary for a member of Parliament and as a stock company leading man. In Hollywood from 1925, Corrigan played everything from barristers to opium addicts to cockneys to undertakers. Rarely onscreen for more than a minute or two, he usually made every second count. He is especially memorable as the morgue keeper in Bela Lugosi's Murders in the Rue Morgue (1932), the blind man in John Ford's The Informer, and as the Spirit of Christmas Future in A Christmas Carol (1938).

Trivia: Born in New York and raised in California, Helen Jerome Eddy went into films while a student at Berkeley. Her patrician demeanor enabled Helen to play young women of untold wealth throughout the silent era, first at Vitagraph and later at virtually every other major studio. A character actress in the talkie era, Eddy essayed such roles as the beneficent society matron in Our Gang's first talking short Small Talk (1929) and the kindly, terminally ill missionary whom Mae West impersonates in Klondike Annie (1936). Helen Jerome Eddy retired in 1940, ever afterward remaining available for interviews concerning Hollywood's "Golden" era.

Trivia: Sour-visaged Danish actor Torben Meyer entered films as early as 1913, when he was prominently featured in the Danish super-production Atlantis. Despite his Scandinavian heritage, Meyer was usually typecast in Germanic roles after making his American screen debut in 1933. Many of his parts were fleeting, such as the Amsterdam banker who is offended because "Mister Rick" won't join him for a drink in Casablanca (1942). He was shown to excellent advantage in the films of producer/director Preston Sturges, beginning with Christmas in July (1940) and ending with The Beautiful Blonde of Bashful Bend (1949). Evidently as a private joke, Sturges nearly always cast Meyer as a character named Schultz, with such conspicuous exceptions as "Dr. Kluck" in The Palm Beach Story (1942). Torben Meyer made his last movie appearance in Judgment at Nuremberg (1961), playing one of the German judges on trial for war crimes; Meyer's guilt-ridden inability to explain his actions was one of the film's most powerful moments.