Trivia: South African-born Basil Rathbone was the son of a British mining engineer working in Johannesburg. After a brief career as an insurance agent, the 19-year-old aspiring actor joined his cousin's repertory group. World War I service as a lieutenant in Liverpool Scottish Regiment followed, then a rapid ascension to leading-man status on the British stage. Rathbone's movie debut was in the London-filmed The Fruitful Vine (1921). Tall, well profiled, and blessed with a commanding stage voice, Rathbone shifted from modern-dress productions to Shakespeare and back again with finesse. Very much in demand in the early talkie era, one of Rathbone's earliest American films was The Bishop Murder Case (1930), in which, as erudite amateur sleuth Philo Vance, he was presciently referred to by one of the characters as "Sherlock Holmes." He was seldom more effective than when cast in costume dramas as a civilized but cold-hearted villain: Murdstone in David Copperfield (1934), Evremonde in Tale of Two Cities (1935), and Guy of Gisbourne in The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938) (Rathbone was a good friend of Robin Hood star Errol Flynn -- and a far better swordsman). Never content with shallow, one-note performances, Rathbone often brought a touch of humanity and pathos to such stock "heavies" as Karenin in Anna Karenina (1936) and Pontius Pilate in The Last Days of Pompeii (1936). He was Oscar-nominated for his portrayals of Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet (1936) and the crotchety Louis XVI in If I Were King (1938). In 1939, Rathbone was cast as Sherlock Holmes in The Hound of the Baskervilles, the first of 14 screen appearances as Conan Doyle's master detective. He also played Holmes on radio from 1939 through 1946, and in 1952 returned to the character (despite his despairing comments that Holmes had hopelessly "typed" him in films) in the Broadway flop The Return of Sherlock Holmes, which was written by his wife, Ouida Bergere. Famous for giving some of Hollywood's most elegant and elaborate parties, Rathbone left the West Coast in 1947 to return to Broadway in Washington Square. He made a movie comeback in 1954, essaying saturnine character roles in such films as We're No Angels (1955), The Court Jester (1956), and The Last Hurrah (1958). Alas, like many Hollywood veterans, Rathbone often found the pickings lean in the 1960s, compelling him to accept roles in such inconsequential quickies as The Comedy of Terrors (1964) and Hillbillies in the Haunted House (1967). He could take consolation in the fact that these negligible films enabled him to finance projects that he truly cared about, such as his college lecture tours and his Caedmon Record transcriptions of the works of Shakespeare. Basil Rathbone's autobiography, In and Out of Character, was published in 1962.

Trivia: Though a British subject through and through, actor Nigel Bruce was born in Mexico while his parents were on vacation there. His education was interrupted by service in World War I, during which he suffered a leg injury and was confined to a wheelchair for the duration. At the end of the war, Bruce pursued an acting career, making his stage debut in The Creaking Door (1920). A stint in British silent pictures began in 1928, after which Bruce divided his time between stage and screen, finally settling in Hollywood in 1934 (though he continued to make sporadic appearances in such British films as The Scarlet Pimpernel). Nigel's first Hollywood picture was Springtime for Henry (1934), and soon he'd carved a niche for himself in roles as bumbling, befuddled middle-aged English gentlemen. It was this quality which led Bruce to being cast as Sherlock Holmes' companion Dr. Watson in The Hound of the Baskervilles (1939), a pleasurable assignment in that the film's Holmes, Basil Rathbone, was one of Bruce's oldest and closest friends. While Bruce's interpretation of Watson is out of favor with some Holmes purists (who prefer the more intelligent Watson of the original Conan Doyle stories), the actor played the role in 14 feature films, successfully cementing the cinema image of Sherlock's somewhat slower, older compatriot - even though he was in fact three years younger than Rathbone. Bruce continued to play Dr. Watson on a popular Sherlock Holmes radio series, even after Rathbone had deserted the role of Holmes in 1946. Bruce's last film role was in the pioneering 3-D feature, Bwana Devil (1952). He fell ill and died in 1953, missing the opportunity to be reunited with Basil Rathbone in a Sherlock Holmes theatrical production.

Trivia: Of Russian descent, actor Martin Kosleck established himself on the Berlin stage under the guidance of Max Reinhardt, fleeing Germany shortly before Hitler came to power. Virtually never anything other than a villain on screen, Kosleck proved an excellent low-priced substitute for Peter Lorre in roles calling for skulking menace (1946's Pursuit to Algiers), implicit sexual depravity (1941's The Mad Doctor, as Basil Rathbone's "good friend") and outright bug-eyed lunacy (1945's House of Horrors). The role with which Kosleck was most closely associated was Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels, a part he played to chilling perfection in such films as Confessions of a Nazi Spy (1939), The Hitler Gang (1944) and Hitler (1962). Martin Kosleck was careful to invest his interpretation of Goebbels with no redeeming qualities whatsoever, explaining "I wanted people to hate me as much as I hated the character I was playing."

Trivia: Piping-voice, hamster-faced Scottish character actor Olaf Hytten left the British stage for films in 1921. By the time the talkie era rolled around, Hytten was firmly established in Hollywood, playing an abundance of butlers and high-society gentlemen. The actor was primarily confined to one or two-line bits in such films as Platinum Blonde (1931), The Sphinx (1933), Bonnie Scotland (1935), Beloved Rebel (1936), The Howards of Virginia (1940) and The Bride Came COD (1941). He was a semi-regular of the Universal B-unit in the '40s, appearing in substantial roles as military men and police official in the Rathbone/Bruce Sherlock Holmes series and as burgomeisters and innkeepers in the studio's many horror films (Ghost of Frankenstein, House of Frankenstein, etc.) Olaf Hytten was active until at least 1956; one of his more memorable assignments of the '50s was as the larcenous butler who participates in a scheme to drive Daily Planet editor Perry White crazy in the "Great Caesar's Ghost" episode of the TV series Adventures of Superman.

Trivia: British actress Rosalind Ivan gained most of her fame on the Broadway and London stages, but she also appeared in several memorable Hollywood films. At age ten, Ivan was a musical prodigy who gave piano recitals in London. This early experience performing led to her become a distinguished character actress in British Theater. In 1912, she first appeared on Broadway. In addition to acting, Ivan also wrote magazine articles, and book reviews; in 1927, she translated The Brothers Karamazov for a Theatre Guild production. In film, she first gained notice for her portrayal of a nagging wife in The Suspect (1945). This led her to be cast as unpleasant women in several other films; she was so convincing in her roles that some in Hollywood called her "Ivan the Terrible."

Trivia: Portly British character actor Rex Evans made a name for himself in the mid-1920s as a comic performer in London cabarets and music halls. Evans came to Broadway the following decade, where he would appear opposite the likes of Cornelia Otis Skinner (in Lady Windemere's Fan) and Carol Channing (in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes). Concurrent with his New York stage career, he found time to appear in Hollywood films, where at first he was cast as corpulent "sugar daddies" and millionaires. After making a strong impression as the family butler in The Philadelphia Story (1940), he found himself typecast as dignified menservants. Occasionally he broke this stereotype by adopting a handlebar mustache and playing such unsavory roles as the grumpy innkeeper in Frankenstein Meets the Wolfman (1943) and the principal villain in the 1946 "Sherlock Holmes" opus Pursuit to Algiers. After his retirement from films in the early 1960s, Rex Evans devoted his energies to the thriving art gallery that he'd been running for years on Hollywood's La Cienega Boulevard.

Trivia: While studying art in his native London, John Abbott relaxed between classes by watching rehearsals of a student play. When one of the actors fell ill, Abbott was invited to replace him, and at that point he switched majors. He became a professional actor in 1934, joined the Old Vic in 1936, and made his first film, Mademoiselle Docteur, in 1937; later that same year he made his first BBC television appearance. Turned down for military service during World War II, Abbott joined the Foreign Office, working as a decoder in the British Embassy in Stockholm and working in similar capacities in Russia and Canada. In 1941, he took a vacation in New York, leaving his resumé and photo with various producers, just in case something turned up. On the very last day of his vacation, he was hired for a small role in Josef von Sternberg's The Shanghai Gesture (1941), thus launching the Hollywood phase of his career. Generally cast as a fussy eccentric, Abbott was seen at his very best as whining hypochondriac Frederick Fairlie in Warner Bros.' The Woman in White (1948). He also received at least one bona fide starring role in the 1943 quickie London Blackout Murders. In the late '40s, Abbott began amassing some impressive Broadway credits in such productions as He Who Gets Slapped, Monserrat, and Waltz of the Toreadors. He also appeared in 1950's Auto da Fe, which was specifically written for him by Tennessee Williams. Though still active in films and TV into the 1980s (he played Dr. Frankenstein in the ill-fated 1984 cinemadaptation of Kurt Vonnegut's Slapstick), John Abbott spent most of his twilight years as an acting teacher. Abbott died in a Los Angeles hospital on May 24, 1996, after a prolonged illness.

Trivia: Welsh-born actor Gerald Hamer was one of a legion of British actors working in Hollywood in the 1930s and 1940s. A character player who could melt into any part he portrayed, he might be totally forgotten today except that he has the distinction of playing one of the most sinister roles in any of the Basil Rathbone/Nigel Bruce Sherlock Holmes movies, the part of Potts/Tanner/Ramsden in The Scarlet Claw. A true psychopath, with none of the suave villainy of, say, George Zucco or Henry Daniell in their portrayals of Holmes' antagonists, Potts is memorably crafty and savage in a series that usually prided itself on glib-tongued villainy. It's also a tribute to Hamer's skills as an actor that the producers saw no reason not to use him in roles in four other films in the series, as John Grayson/Alfred Pettibone in Sherlock Holmes in Washington, Kingston in Pursuit to Algiers, Major Langford in Sherlock Holmes Faces Death, and Mr. Shallcross in Terror By Night, the latter two after The Scarlet Claw. A British stage veteran from 1916, whose theatrical credits included King Henry VIII, The Taming of the Shrew, and The Admirable Chrichton, Hamer worked in Hollywood from the mid-'30s until 1951, his other thrillers include Bulldog Drummond's Bride and The Lodger, but he also slipped into more benign settings, such as the cast-of-hundreds war relief effort Forever and a Day and George Stevens' Swing Time, equally well.

Trivia: Bespectacled, dignified British stage actor Frederick Worlock came to Hollywood in 1938. During the war years, Worlock played many professorial roles, some benign, some villainous. A semi-regular in Universal's Sherlock Holmes series, he essayed such parts as Geoffrey Musgrave in Sherlock Holmes Faces Death (1943). Active until 1966, Frederick Worlock's final assignments included a voice-over in the Disney cartoon feature 101 Dalmations (1961).

Trivia: British stage actor and producer Wilson Benge inaugurated his Hollywood career in 1922. From 1925's Lady Windemere's Fan onward, the slight, balding Benge was typecast in butler and valet roles. He played Ronald Colman's faithful retainer Denny in 1929's Bulldog Drummond, performed virtually the same function for Colman as Barraclough the valet in Raffles (1930), and portrayed Brassett in the 1931 version of Charley's Aunt, among many others. His "domestic" career extended to such two-reelers as Laurel and Hardy's Scram (1932). One of Benge's few non-servant roles was supposed murder victim Guy Davies in the 1945 Sherlock Holmes entry The House of Fear. He remained active in films until 1951, essaying still another manservant role in Royal Wedding (1951). Wilson Benge was married to actress Sarah L. Benge, who preceded him in death by one year.

Trivia: Russian-born actor Gregory Gaye came to the U.S. after the 1917 revolution. Gaye flourished in films of the 1930s, playing a variety of ethnic types. He was Italian opera star Barelli in Charlie Chan at the Opera (1936), an exiled Russian nobleman in Tovarich (1937), an indignant German banker in Casablanca (1942), a Latin named Ravez in the 1945 "Sherlock Holmes" effort Pursuit to Algiers (1946) a minor-league crook of indeterminate origin in the Republic serial Tiger Woman (1945) and the villainous interplanetary leader in the weekly TV sci-fi series Commando Cody: Sky Marshal of the Universe (1945). Gregory Gaye was active in films until 1979, when he showed up briefly as a Russian Premier in the disaster epic Meteor.

Trivia: Much in demand in World War II Hollywood films -- playing both Nazi officers and Scandinavian resistance fighters -- blond Sven-Hugo Borg was a secretary with the Swedish Consulate in Los Angeles in 1925 when the newly arrived Greta Garbo hired him as her interpreter. Bitten by the acting bug, Borg played minor roles in Joan Crawford's Rose Marie (1928) and a few other films but remained with the consulate until the late 1930s. Best remembered perhaps for playing "Sven," one of the doomed crew members in Paramount's Mystery Sea Raider (1940), Borg appeared as a German soldier in Ernst Lubitsch's satire To Be or Not to Be (1942), as well as This Land Is Mine (1943) and Tarzan Triumphs (1943). Filming less frequently after the war, Borg was Dr. Mattsen in The Farmer's Daughter (1947), "Swede" in Fortunes of Captain Blood (1950), an aide to Bernadotte (Michael Rennie) in Desirée (1954), and a scientist in The Prize (1963) -- his final credited role.